Pulmonary Aspergilloma

Chest CT is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary aspergilloma, with key features including a mobile, rounded mass within a pre-existing cavity, typically in the upper lung fields. The Monod sign, characterized by an air crescent surrounding the aspergilloma, is a key diagnostic radiological finding, in addition to cavity wall thickening, that helps distinguish aspergilloma from other cavitary lung pathologies. Chest CT is integral in diagnosis and guiding treatment, determining the need for minimally invasive intervention with direct cavitary antifungal therapy, surgical intervention with lobectomy, or antifungal therapy alone, and monitoring asymptomatic cases or detecting symptom progression over time.