E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI)

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury is a serious and potentially life-threatening respiratory condition characterized by diffuse lung injury following recent use of vaping or e-cigarette products. Patients commonly present with nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and dyspnea, along with constitutional symptoms, including fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and malaise. A small number of pediatric patients may present with isolated gastrointestinal symptoms. Noncontrast chest CT is the preferred imaging modality and may show a range of findings consistent with diffuse lung injury. Treatment is primarily supportive and may include supplemental oxygen, empiric antibiotics, and systemic glucocorticoids based on clinical presentation.